特教教师

    特教教师(Special education teachers)

    基本学位要求

    本科及以上

    平均年薪

    学龄前儿童特教教师:$58,210*(1)

    幼儿园及小学特教教师:$58,640*(2)

    初中特教教师:$60,300*(3)

    高中特教教师:$62,180*(4)

    其他特教教师:$57,670*(5)

    薪水范围:25%-75%

    学龄前儿童特教教师:$42,080-$71,280*(1)

    幼儿园及小学特教教师:$44,710- $70,220*(2)

    初中特教教师:$45,920- $72,310*(3)

    高中特教教师:$46,780- $74,860*(4)

    其他特教教师:$42,200- $70,660*(5)

    典型专业

    教育学、注册护理心理学社会工作特殊教育语言病理学听力学*(6)

    工作经验要求

    岗前培训

    实习

    从业人数

    学龄前儿童特教教师:29,230人*(1)

    幼儿园及小学特教教师:195,780人*(2)

    初中特教教师:91,050人*(3)

    高中特教教师:129,770人*(4)

    其他特教教师:38,410人*(5)

    十年岗位增数

    31,000人*(7)

    十年岗位增幅

    6%(教育界:6%;全行业:7%)*(8)

    产业最集中

    学龄前儿童特教教师:纽约州*(1)

    幼儿园及小学特教教师:西弗吉尼亚州*(2)

    初中特教教师:马里兰州*(3)

    高中特教教师:佛蒙特州*(4)

    其他特教教师:马里兰州*(5)

    从业人数最多

    学龄前儿童特教教师:路易斯安那州*(1)

    幼儿园及小学特教教师:纽约州*(2)

    初中特教教师:纽约州*(3)

    高中特教教师:纽约州*(4)

    其他特教教师:加州*(5)

    认证机构

    国家教师教育认证委员会*(9)

    注:

    (1)薪水范围(25%-75%)表示:50%的从业人员的薪水位处该薪资水平段之间——25%低于该水平,25%高于该水平

    (2)岗前培训表示:该职业从业人员被公司录用后,正式上岗或获得熟练技能前所需的培训状况。

    (3)十年岗位增数表示:2014-2024年该职业预期将增加的就业岗位数,同理“十年岗位增幅”。 特教教师职业的“十年岗位增数”和“十年岗位增幅”的具体情况见注释(7)。

    工作内容

    特教教师(Special education teachers)工作对象是有在学习、大脑、精神和生理上有障碍的学生。对于残疾程度较轻的学生,他们要保证正确的合适学生需要的教学手段和方法;对于残疾程度严重的学生,要帮助学生获得独立生活能力和基本读写、交流和数学计算能力。

    一般来讲,特教教师的工作职责如下:

    对学生知识和技能掌握情况进行评估,来判断学生的特长和需求; 自己或与其他老师合作,调整课程,以满足对特殊学生的教育需求; 为学生制定个性化的教育方案(IEPs),方案包括学生需要接受的服务和住宿设施安排; 为学生制定转学计划,助其顺利毕业和转学; 保证学生接受IEPs包含的服务内容; 在学年内要阶段性更新IEPs,反映和记录学生的成长过程; 经常与家长、其他教师、教导主任和管理员沟通,讨论学生成长问题; 与助教一起工作,保证他们具备对教育特殊学生所要求的技能和知识; 保证教学工作内容符合残疾人教育法(IDEA)的规定。

    一般从学龄前到高中阶段配置特教教师。对于有严重障碍和残疾的学生,接受特殊教育的时间可以延迟到21岁。*(10)

    工作环境

    特教教师的工作场所为公立和私立学校,包括公立英才学校(public magnet school)、特许学校(charter school)、私立宗教学校、传统世俗学校,及托儿所。

    对于必须住家或住院的学生,特教教师需要同住,还有一些会与孩子家长一起工作,对于那些婴儿或蹒跚学步的孩子,特教教师需要教授家长如何帮助孩子掌握技能。

    特教教师是高收入人群,与此同时工作压力也会很大,尤其是付出情感和消耗体力。工作时间一般与学生在校上课时间一致,在上学前或放学后,可能需要拜访家长,或与其他老师一起讨论工作。晚上或周末,用来批阅试卷及备课。许多特教教师的每年工作10个月,有两个月的暑假,有些教师会在暑假开设暑期班,有些地区教师一年基本上的工作规律是:连续工作8周,休息一周,冬季有5周的休息时间。*(11)

    入职门槛

    公立学校教师最低要求是学士学位以及所在州的注册资格;私立学校一般要求学士学位,不要求注册资格,但会优先雇佣有此资格的教师。

    特殊教育本科专业,学生需要了解各种类型的障碍者,学习通过何种方式的表述方式让障碍者易懂。通常专业会有实践课程,如真人教学。一些州会要求已有学士学位和注册资格的特教教师再去攻读特殊教育专业硕士学位。

    所有州都有要求公立学校的教师一定获得注册资格的,也被认为是从业资格证书,对私立学校未作此要求。每个州对从业资格的要求也不尽相同。几乎是所有州要求从业者必须取得学士学位,且完成职前教师教育项目,并在专业人士的监督和指导下实习的经验。还需要注意的有些州颁发的从业资格适合于所有类型的障碍者教学,有些则是颁发具体到某一类型的障碍者教学。

    所有州都为已取得学士学位,但未完成资格认证要求的课程学习的准特教教师提供成为特教教师的项目,他们可以直接授课,当然是在经验丰富的特教教师的监督和指导下,进行的该项目,完成该项目后即可获得从业资格。*(9)

    薪资与就业展望

    特教教师职业的“十年岗位增数”和“十年岗位增幅”的具体情况如下所示:

    岗位名称

    十年岗位增幅

    十年岗位增数

    学龄前儿童、幼儿园、小学特教教师

    21%

    47,400

    初中特教教师

    20%

    19,900人

    高中特教教师

    7%

    10,100人

    特教教师总计

    17%

    77,400人

    注:以上数据为2012年美国劳工局统计数据。*(7)

    2015年

    • 学龄前儿童特教教师:

    美国从业人数最多州(前五)

    State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    New York 5,560 0.62 2.92 - $63,980
    Florida 2,710 0.34 1.61 - $48,630
    California 2,050 0.13 0.62 - $67,790.00
    Illinois 1,900 0.32 1.53 - $74,850
    Texas 1,360 0.12 0.55 - $54,960

    美国产业最集中州(前五)

    State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    Louisiana 1,280 0.66 3.11 - $49,090
    New York 5,560 0.62 2.92 - $63,980
    Colorado 1,040 0.42 2 - $53,200.00
    Arkansas 450 0.38 1.81 - $33,870
    Nevada 440 0.35 1.67 - $53,200

    美国从业人数最多都会区

    Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division 3,530 0.55 2.57 - $65,850
    Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division 1,530 0.43 2.02 - $81,110
    Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 1,320 1.08 5.11 - $46,500
    Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division 800 0.62 2.95 - $70,630
    Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 600 0.44 2.05 - $55,220
    Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD Metropolitan Division 470 0.82 3.88 - $70,970
    Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 440 0.23 1.09 - $60,780
    Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 390 0.43 2.02 - $53,150
    Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 380 0.15 0.73 - $50,260
    Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 360 0.81 3.84 - $57,120

    美国产业业最集中都会区

    Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 260 1.41 6.64 - $50,100
    Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 1,320 1.08 5.11 - $46,500
    Framingham, MA NECTA Division 180 1.06 5.01 - $51,240
    Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD Metropolitan Division 470 0.82 3.88 - $70,970
    Syracuse, NY 240 0.81 3.81 - $53,640
    Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 360 0.81 3.84 - $57,120
    Baton Rouge, LA 310 0.78 3.69 - $51,570
    Springfield, MA-CT 220 0.69 3.27 - $60,470
    Lake Charles, LA 70 0.69 3.26 - $43,260
    Lafayette, LA 150 0.69 3.26 - $49,480
    • 幼儿园及小学特教教师:

    美国从业人数最多州(前五)

    State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    New York 20,320 2.26 1.59 - $71,040
    California 16,420 1.06 0.75 - $68,690
    New Jersey 12,420 3.18 2.24 - $67,570.00
    Texas 12,090 1.04 0.74 - $53,500
    North Carolina 9,950 2.41 1.7 - $45,240

    美国产业最集中州(前五)

    State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    West Virginia 2,360 3.33 2.35 - $41,530
    New Jersey 12,420 3.18 2.24 - $67,570
    Delaware 1,320 3.04 2.14 - $63,710.00
    Vermont 760 2.5 1.76 - $55,610
    Alaska 790 2.42 1.71 - $73,920

    美国从业人数最多都会区

    Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division 15,020 2.32 1.63 - $70,670
    Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 4,050 1.63 1.15 - $54,210
    Newark, NJ-PA Metropolitan Division 3,990 3.46 2.44 - $66,530
    Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division 3,900 0.95 0.67 - $71,790
    Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division 3,640 1.51 1.06 - $69,350
    Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division 3,500 1.5 1.06 - $54,830
    Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division 3,360 0.94 0.66 - $65,890
    Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division 3,290 2.57 1.81 - $87,150
    Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 2,670 1.42 1 - $58,260
    Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division 2,650 1.5 1.06 - $71,040

    美国产业业最集中都会区

    Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC 980 6.65 4.68 - $66,130
    Billings, MT 490 5.83 4.11 - $52,510
    Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ 320 5.38 3.79 - $58,290
    Hanford-Corcoran, CA 190 4.83 3.41 - $61,560
    Leominster-Gardner, MA 230 4.54 3.2 - $64,780
    Memphis, TN-MS-AR 2,440 4.05 2.85 - $55,500
    Ocean City, NJ 160 3.99 2.81 - $69,300
    Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury Town, MA-NH NECTA Division 250 3.91 2.76 - $60,180
    Carbondale-Marion, IL 200 3.87 2.72 - $55,100
    Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH 510 3.86 2.72 - $43,170
    • 初中特教教师:

    美国从业人数最多州(前五)

    State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    New York 9,990 1.11 1.68 - $78,280
    California 6,420 0.41 0.63 - $66,130
    Texas 6,330 0.55 0.83 - $54,640.00
    New Jersey 5,880 1.5 2.28 - $68,400
    Ohio 5,670 1.07 1.63 - $57,990

    美国产业最集中州(前五)

    State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    New Jersey 5,880 1.5 2.28 - $68,400
    West Virginia 1,010 1.42 2.15 - $41,760
    Massachusetts 4,110 1.21 1.83 - $67,910.00
    New York 9,990 1.11 1.68 - $78,280
    Ohio 5,670 1.07 1.63 - $57,990

    美国从业人数最多都会区

    Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division 7,660 1.18 1.79 - $76,140
    Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division 3,890 1.09 1.65 - $68,230
    Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 1,990 0.8 1.22 - $53,020
    Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division 1,940 0.47 0.72 - $66,950
    Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division 1,790 1.4 2.12 - $99,860
    Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 1,620 1.23 1.87 - $65,140
    Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division 1,490 0.64 0.97 - $56,260
    Newark, NJ-PA Metropolitan Division 1,370 1.18 1.79 - $68,640
    Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division 1,360 0.77 1.17 - $73,160
    Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division 1,340 0.56 0.84 - $75,050

    美国产业业最集中都会区

    Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    Framingham, MA NECTA Division 530 3.08 4.67 - $51,540
    Leominster-Gardner, MA 150 2.96 4.48 - $68,960
    Albany, GA 150 2.63 3.99 - $52,400
    Camden, NJ Metropolitan Division 1,210 2.41 3.65 - $66,630
    Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ 130 2.24 3.4 - $62,700
    Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead, MA NECTA Division 90 2.19 3.32 - $67,140
    Merced, CA 130 2.06 3.12 - $68,520
    Dalton, GA 130 2.01 3.05 - $50,360
    Danville, IL 50 1.92 2.9 - $48,810
    Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury Town, MA-NH NECTA Division 120 1.81 2.74 - $62,890
    • 高中特教教师:

    美国从业人数最多州(前五)

    State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    New York 15,900 1.77 1.88 - $79,030
    Texas 9,720 0.84 0.89 - $55,340
    California 8,930 0.58 0.61 - $74,360.00
    Pennsylvania 7,160 1.25 1.33 - $65,350
    Illinois 6,960 1.19 1.26 - $66,700

    美国产业最集中州(前五)

    State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    Vermont 560 1.85 1.96 - $59,900
    New York 15,900 1.77 1.88 - $79,030
    New Jersey 6,600 1.69 1.79 - $72,890.00
    Montana 690 1.54 1.64 - $44,280
    New Mexico 1,160 1.46 1.55 - $55,530

    美国从业人数最多都会区

    Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division 10,350 1.6 1.7 - $80,080
    Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division 3,770 1.06 1.12 - $72,310
    Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division 2,940 2.3 2.45 - $99,600
    Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division 2,420 0.59 0.63 - $72,640
    Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division 2,200 0.91 0.97 - $76,530
    Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division 2,090 0.9 0.95 - $57,110
    Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 1,990 0.68 0.72 - $59,850
    Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 1,980 1.51 1.6 - $66,660
    Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 1,910 1.02 1.08 - $64,540
    Newark, NJ-PA Metropolitan Division 1,760 1.52 1.62 - $72,950

    美国产业业最集中都会区

    Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    Billings, MT 360 4.24 4.5 - $40,380
    Hinesville, GA 70 4.04 4.29 - $59,580
    Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 160 3.79 4.03 - $51,560
    Pittsfield, MA 150 3.7 3.94 - $63,680
    East Stroudsburg, PA 190 3.53 3.75 - $66,490
    Dutchess County-Putnam County, NY Metropolitan Division 480 3.48 3.7 - $74,110
    Cape Girardeau, MO-IL 140 3.31 3.52 - $43,410
    Rochester, NY 1,420 2.8 2.98 - $61,160
    Victoria, TX 120 2.79 2.96 - $47,200
    Rockford, IL 400 2.71 2.88 - $73,090
    • 其他特教教师:

    美国从业人数最多州(前五)

    State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    Florida 12,200 1.54 5.53 - $48,600
    California 4,740 0.31 1.1 - $63,230
    Illinois 1,920 0.33 1.18 - $65,250.00
    Louisiana 1,900 0.98 3.52 - $54,780
    Virginia 1,640 0.44 1.6 - $79,070

    美国产业最集中州(前五)

    State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    Florida 12,200 1.54 5.53 - $48,600
    Louisiana 1,900 0.98 3.52 - $54,780
    Rhode Island 450 0.96 3.44 - $55,630.00
    New Mexico 720 0.9 3.24 - $48,610
    West Virginia 530 0.74 2.67 - $54,310

    美国从业人数最多都会区

    Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL Metropolitan Division 3,520 3.22 11.58 - $58,030
    Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 2,900 2.38 8.56 - $34,830
    Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division 1,580 0.65 2.34 - $83,890
    Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division 1,190 0.33 1.2 - $63,600
    Jacksonville, FL 1,130 1.81 6.49 - $52,860
    Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division 750 0.18 0.66 - $65,380
    Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 730 3.54 12.72 - $45,420
    New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division 700 0.11 0.39 - $65,410
    Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD Metropolitan Division 620 1.08 3.89 - $77,220
    Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 610 0.46 1.65 - -

    美国产业业最集中都会区

    Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
    Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 730 3.54 12.72 - $45,420
    Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL Metropolitan Division 3,520 3.22 11.58 - $58,030
    Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 2,900 2.38 8.56 - $34,830
    Monroe, LA 170 2.22 7.99 - $53,840
    Jacksonville, FL 1,130 1.81 6.49 - $52,860
    Port St. Lucie, FL 220 1.63 5.86 - $65,300
    Eugene, OR 210 1.45 5.2 - $49,260
    Lafayette, LA 270 1.23 4.41 - $52,330
    Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 200 1.09 3.93 - $62,230
    Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD Metropolitan Division 620 1.08 3.89 - $77,220

    注:

    (1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]

    (2) 以上表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。

    2012年

    以下是2010-2020年十年间学龄前儿童特教教师岗位从业人数最多的州及薪水等相关信息:

    State

    Employment

    Employment per thousand jobs

    Location quotient 

    Annual mean wage 

    New York

    5,510

    0.65

    3.86

    $70,880

    California

    1,810

    0.13

    0.76

    $57,990

    Louisiana

    1,640

    0.88

    5.25

    $47,770

    Florida

    1,400

    0.19

    1.15

    $51,170

    New Jersey

    970

    0.26

    1.53

    $65,710

    以下是2010-2020年十年间学龄前儿童特教教师职业分布最密集的州及薪水等相关信息:

    State

    Employment

    Employment per thousand jobs

    Location quotient 

    Annual mean wage 

    Louisiana

    1,640

    0.88

    5.25

    $47,770

    Alaska

    210

    0.67

    3.99

    $62,100

    New York

    5,510

    0.65

    3.86

    $70,880

    Hawaii

    290

    0.49

    2.91

    数据未发布

    Wyoming

    100

    0.36

    2.17

    $51,550

    以下是2010-2020年十年间幼儿园、小学特教教师岗位从业人数最多的州及薪水等相关信息:

    State

    Employment

    Employment per thousand jobs

    Location quotient 

    Annual mean wage 

    New York

    18,860

    2.21

    1.45

    $71,330

    California

    13,340

    0.93

    0.61

    $67,120

    New Jersey

    11,380

    3

    1.98

    $65,560

    Texas

    10,870

    1.03

    0.68

    $51,230

    Illinois

    10,690

    1.9

    1.25

    $61,660

    以下是2010-2020年十年间幼儿园、小学特教教师职业分布最密集的州及薪水等相关信息:

    State

    Employment

    Employment per thousand jobs

    Location quotient 

    Annual mean wage

    West Virginia

    3,030

    4.27

    2.81

    $40,480

    Delaware

    1,370

    3.38

    2.23

    $60,730

    New Jersey

    11,380

    3

    1.98

    $65,560

    Maine

    1,460

    2.52

    1.66

    $47,150

    Vermont

    720

    2.45

    1.61

    $52,560

    以下是2010-2020年十年间初中特教教师岗位从业人数最多的州及薪水等相关信息:

    State

    Employment

    Employment per thousand jobs

    Location quotient 

    Annual mean wage 

    New York

    11,090

    1.3

    1.75

    $74,640

    Maryland

    5,880

    2.34

    3.17

    $75,190

    Illinois

    5,570

    0.99

    1.33

    $66,680

    Texas

    5,280

    0.5

    0.67

    $50,490

    Ohio

    4,970

    0.98

    1.33

    $57,230

    以下是2010-2020年十年间初中特教教师职业分布最密集的州及薪水等相关信息:

    State

    Employment

    Employment per thousand jobs

    Location quotient 

    Annual mean wage 

    Maryland

    5,880

    2.34

    3.17

    $75,190

    Alaska

    460

    1.43

    1.94

    $68,300

    New York

    11,090

    1.3

    1.75

    $74,640

    Massachusetts

    4,030

    1.26

    1.7

    $61,720

    New Jersey

    4,720

    1.25

    1.68

    $66,240

    以下是2010-2020年十年间高中特教教师岗位从业人数最多的州及薪水等相关信息:

    State

    Employment

    Employment per thousand jobs

    Location quotient 

    Annual mean wage 

    New York

    16,520

    1.93

    1.89

    $76,350

    California

    10,420

    0.73

    0.71

    $67,310

    Illinois

    8,340

    1.48

    1.45

    $65,750

    Pennsylvania

    7,290

    1.3

    1.27

    $60,940

    Texas

    7,170

    0.68

    0.66

    $52,390

    以下是2010-2020年十年间高中特教教师职业分布最密集的州及薪水等相关信息:

    State

    Employment

    Employment per thousand jobs

    Location quotient 

    Annual mean wage 

    Vermont

    710

    2.4

    2.35

    $51,450

    New York

    16,520

    1.93

    1.89

    $76,350

    New Mexico

    1,270

    1.64

    1.6

    $51,070

    New Jersey

    5,910

    1.56

    1.53

    $69,590

    Maryland

    3,740

    1.49

    1.46

    $64,040

    以下是2010-2020年十年间其他特教教师岗位从业人数最多的州及薪水等相关信息:

    State

    Employment

    Employment per thousand jobs

    Location quotient 

    Annual mean wage 

    California

    11,810

    0.83

    2.74

    $58,930

    Florida

    5,530

    0.76

    2.52

    $52,500

    Maryland

    3,140

    1.25

    4.15

    $63,580

    Illinois

    2,310

    0.41

    1.36

    $61,300

    Virginia

    1,670

    0.46

    1.54

    $82,460

    以下是2010-2020年十年间其他特教教师职业分布最密集的州及薪水等相关信息:

    State

    Employment

    Employment per thousand jobs

    Location quotient 

    Annual mean wage 

    Maryland

    3,140

    1.25

    4.15

    $63,580

    New Mexico

    780

    1.01

    3.34

    $34,880

    Rhode Island

    430

    0.95

    3.15

    $66,500

    California

    11,810

    0.83

    2.74

    $58,930

    Arkansas

    900

    0.78

    2.59

    $36,530

    注:

    (1)以上数据均为来自美国劳工局的官方数据。

    (2)Location quotient:产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]*(1)*(2)*(3)*(4)*(5)

    2010年-2020年十年间美国特教教师的从业人数预计将增长17%,与所有职业从业人数增长的均值大致相当。随着特殊教育服务的需求和特殊教育专业录取人数的持续增多,特教教师的数量将会继续增长,尤其小学和高中特教教师的增长幅度较快。

    尽管特殊教育专业整体来看,录取人数有望增长,就美国本土而言,依然存在地域差异,如美国南部和西部的增长相对来说较快,中部保持稳定,北部会有所减慢。2010-2020年十年间,有相当数量的老一辈特教教师将退休,这将为新生代特教教师提供就业机会。

    另外,城乡的许多学校,都很难留住,甚至录用到特教教师,因此,可以说,特教教师的就业没有任何难度。

    相对来说,特定方向特教教师,如学龄前干预或工作对象是患有多种残疾、严重残疾,亦或是自闭症患者,这些方向的特教教师,工作机会更好,更多一些。*(7)

    参考资料:

    (1) Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2012 Special Education Teachers, Preschool US Bureau of Labor Statistics

    (2) Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2012 Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School US Bureau of Labor Statistics

    (3) Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2012 Special Education Teachers, Middle School US Bureau of Labor Statistics

    (4) Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2012 Special Education Teachers, Secondary School US Bureau of Labor Statistics

    (5) Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2012 Special Education Teachers, All Other US Bureau of Labor Statistics

    (6) Career: Special Education Teachers-Related majors College Board

    (7) Special Education Teachers-Job Outlook US Bureau of Labor Statistics

    (8) Special Education Teachers-Summary US Bureau of Labor Statistics

    (9) Special Education Teachers-How to Become a Special Education Teacher US Bureau of Labor Statistics

    (10) Special Education Teachers-What Special Education Teachers Do US Bureau of Labor Statistics

    (11) Special Education Teachers- Work Environment US Bureau of Labor Statistics


    Mon Oct 24 12:06:59 CST 2016
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