工作内容
室内设计师(Interior designers)主要是通过选择颜色、材质、涂料、家具、地板、壁纸、灯饰等设计装扮空间(包括办公室、住宅、机场、商场、餐厅等)。
职责要求——
- 了解用户需求
- 空间运用结合人们生活方式
- 描绘草图
- 挑选材料和家具
- 电脑制图
- 估算时间和成本
- 审查设计元素
- 确保客户是否满意
- 寻找新的项目
通常室内设计师在进行空间布局和设计时,身边不可或缺的搭档是建筑师、结构工程师和建造商,并且必须了解相关的建筑条例和建筑法规。室内设计师的专攻领域也有所不同:大到家居住宅、医院、宾馆,小到浴室、厨房,具体到设计风格是美国早期建筑特色还是法国文艺复兴时期的设计特色为主。
室内设计师分类——
- 生态设计师(Sustainable designers):该类设计师获批美国绿色建筑协会的认证,通过(LEED)领先能源与环境设计考核并授予资格认证成为专业设计师。
- 通用设计师(Universal designers):尤其是针对特殊群体(残障人士、老人)进行室内设计装修,使用更方便。
- 厨房与浴室设计师(Kitchen and bath designers )
- 灯饰设计师(Lighting designers )
- 壁橱设计师(Closet designers)*(5)
工作环境
Industry | Employment | Percent of industry employment | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage | |
Specialized Design Services | 专业设计服务行业 | 16,250 | 13.97 | 26.01 | 54,090 |
Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services | 建筑、工程及相关服务 | 8,650 | 0.67 | 27.99 | 58,230 |
Furniture Stores | 家具店 | 3,160 | 1.48 | 21.04 | 43,770 |
Building Material and Supplies Dealers | 建筑材料经销商 | 1,880 | 0.18 | 21.68 | 45,090 |
Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers | 家具及家居批发 | 1,780 | 1.88 | 26.05 | 54,170 |
Home Furnishings Stores | 家居用品店 | 1,390 | 0.60 | 21.06 | $43,800 |
Federal Executive Branch (OES Designation) | 联邦行政机构 | 280 | 0.01 | 35.38 | $73,590 |
Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) | 非金融无形资产出租-房屋租赁 (不包括有版权的著作) | -8 | -8.00 | 33.08 | $68,810 |
Lessors of Real Estate | 房地产出租 | 30 | 0.01 | 32.87 | $68,370 |
Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers | 图书出版业(报纸、期刊、杂志等) | 40 | 0.01 | 32.44 | $67,470 |
Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers | 中介代理 | 60 | 0.02 | 30.89 | $64,250 |
*(1)
室内设计师大部分以室内办公为主,其中30%的室内设计师自雇经营。以美国为例,大部分设计师主要从事专业设计服务行业、建筑工程及相关服务、家具店等。*(6)
入行门槛
室内设计师需具备本科及以上学位要求,其他学位包括副学士学位、硕士学位。
全国艺术设计学校协会(The National Association of Schools of Art and Design, NASAD)为全美300多所职业学校、大学和独立院校提供认证。欲攻读平面设计专业的学生,最好选择被该协会认证的学校。室内设计认证协会(The Council for Interior Design Accreditation)授予全美150多项专业本科、硕士学位认证。国家厨卫协会(The National Kitchen and Bath Association)认可全美46所学院和大学开设的厨卫设计专业。
美国大部分室内设计师无需考证,但只有通过美国室内设计评监协会(the National Council for Interior Design Qualification, NCIDQ)的室内设计师资质认证考试者才可成为注册室内设计师。该资质认证全国普遍认可(加州地区有独立的考核要求:加州室内设计资格考试);该考试主要考核申请者的教育和经验相结合。*通常室内设计师具有本科及以上学位外加至少2年的共走经验。
个人技能要求——
- 专业技能(Artistic ability)
- 计算机技术(CAD)
- 专注细节(Detail oriented)
- 人际交往能力(Interpersonal skills)
- 解决问题的能力(Problem-solving skills)
- 独到的审美(Visualization)*(3)
就业展望与薪资
以美国为例,室内设计师平均年薪$55,510,从业人数51,050。整个行业分析数据看来,该职业在未来十年的增幅明显高于整个行业的发展速度,提升空间很大。
与室内设计师职业相比——
艺体、娱乐传媒专业平均年薪:$42,870
整个行业发展年薪:$33,840 *(7)
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 6,770 | 0.44 | 1.18 | $30.97 | $64,410 |
Texas | 4,780 | 0.41 | 1.12 | $31.29 | $65,070 |
Florida | 4,580 | 0.58 | 1.56 | $22.95 | $47,730.00 |
New York | 3,410 | 0.38 | 1.03 | $31.88 | $66,300 |
Illinois | 2,560 | 0.44 | 1.18 | $26.54 | $55,210.00 |
*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
District of Columbia | 820 | 1.21 | 3.28 | $41.54 | $86,410 |
Colorado | 1,670 | 0.68 | 1.84 | $24.35 | $50,650 |
Florida | 4,580 | 0.58 | 1.56 | $22.95 | $47,730.00 |
Washington | 1,470 | 0.49 | 1.33 | $26.02 | $54,120 |
Maryland | 1,220 | 0.47 | 1.27 | $26.75 | $55,640.00 |
*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 3,430 | 0.53 | 1.43 | $32.87 | $68,370 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 2,170 | 0.53 | 1.43 | $36.09 | $75,060 |
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 2,020 | 0.57 | 1.53 | $25.79 | $53,630 |
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 1,970 | 0.85 | 2.29 | $33.03 | $68,710 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 1,480 | 0.61 | 1.66 | $35.34 | $73,500 |
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 1,300 | 0.52 | 1.42 | $24.31 | $50,560 |
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division | 1,280 | 0.83 | 2.24 | $26.72 | $55,580 |
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX | 1,240 | 0.42 | 1.14 | $33.75 | $70,190 |
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO | 1,100 | 0.8 | 2.16 | $25.26 | $52,530 |
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division | 1,020 | 0.67 | 1.8 | $28.33 | $58,920 |
*(1)
美国产业业最集中都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL | 200 | 1.49 | 4.02 | $27.79 | $57,800 |
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL Metropolitan Division | 680 | 1.21 | 3.26 | $28.32 | $58,900 |
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL | 240 | 1 | 2.69 | $17.23 | $35,830 |
Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI Metropolitan Division | 360 | 0.91 | 2.47 | $30.50 | $63,450 |
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL | 90 | 0.87 | 2.36 | $21.69 | $45,110 |
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 1,970 | 0.85 | 2.29 | $33.03 | $68,710 |
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division | 1,280 | 0.83 | 2.24 | $26.72 | $55,580 |
Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL Metropolitan Division | 630 | 0.81 | 2.18 | $21.97 | $45,700 |
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO | 1,100 | 0.8 | 2.16 | $25.26 | $52,530 |
Framingham, MA NECTA Division | 140 | 0.79 | 2.14 | $26.13 | $54,350 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
从业人数最多州*(1)
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 6,540 | 0.46 | 1.46 | $28.89 | $60,100 |
Texas | 3,140 | 0.3 | 0.95 | $24.07 | $50,060 |
New York | 3,090 | 0.36 | 1.16 | $30.69 | $63,830 |
Florida | 2,930 | 0.4 | 1.29 | $21.89 | $45,530 |
Georgia | 1,620 | 0.42 | 1.36 | $22.50 | $46,810 |
产业最集中州*(1)
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
District of Columbia | 550 | 0.84 | 2.68 | $32.13 | $66,830 |
Connecticut | 920 | 0.57 | 1.82 | $30.75 | $63,960 |
California | 6,540 | 0.46 | 1.46 | $28.89 | $60,100 |
Colorado | 990 | 0.44 | 1.42 | $25.91 | $53,890 |
Maryland | 1,050 | 0.42 | 1.33 | $23.17 | $48,180 |
注:Location quotient:产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
参考资料
(1) Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2012 27-1025 Interior Designers U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(2) Interior designers, Summary
(3) Interior designers, How to Become One
(4) 美国绿建筑协会 维基百科
(5) Interior designers, What They Do